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Tooth loss can occur for several reasons, such as decay, trauma or periodontal disease. If missing teeth are not replaced it can have negative effects on our self confidence and health. The face can even look older, cheeks will be sagging and the face will have a collapsed appearance because teeth no more provide support to the face muscles. Also speech becomes impaired if front teeth are missing, proper pronounciation of certain words become a challenge. Chewing function (mastication) will become ineffective as well.
Dentures are a well accepted way to replace missing teeth. They restore the shape of the face, proper chewing function and natural appearance of the teeth.
Depending on the number of teeth that are replaced, dentures can be divided into two groups:
Partial
They usually include metal clasps and an acrylic base with plastic or porcelain teeth on top of it. Metal clasps are attached to the remaining teeth that serve as anchors for the denture.
Full
They have an acrylic base with plastic or porcelain teeth on top. They cover the palate which is the roof of the oral cavity. When they are placed into position, a thin layer of saliva between the denture and the palate creates a suction effect, an this, together with the facial muscles and tongue hold the denture firmly in place without any need for fixatives. They can replace the whole mandibular arch(lower), maxillar arch(upper) or both.
Conventional full dentures are removable and are supported by the surrounding hard and soft tissues. There are many different designs and some of them are held in place by dental implants or by clipping on the adjoining teeth. Implants provide the greatest stability and support, usually four implants, connected with a bar, serve as anchors to an overdenture which is clicked on them.
Dentures have to be kept clean at all times, conventional dentures have to be taken out every night, so that you give your gum a rest. Every time you take them out, you have to brush them and leave them in a glass of water possibly with cleaning tablets so that they do not dry out. With time there can be some contamination you cannot brush away, in these cases your dentist or hygienist will professionally clean it. It is very important to have your gums and dentures checked regularly.
How long dentures last
They usually last for up to 7 years. After years, the gum will change its shape, shrink, and the bite changes because there are no longer teeth in place that would stimulate the bone tissue to maintain its normal amount and the gum above it, your dentures become uncomfortable and they need to be adjusted or replaced. If the dentures do not provide a good fit anymore, your chin can also start sticking out and you can have nerve pains. Gums also need to be checked for infection and changed shape. If dentures become loose you will need glue-fixative.
The procedure
On the first visit your dentist will thoroughly assess your needs, examines your oral cavity. He removes the remaining teeth. He then takes moulds. First a trial denture is fabricated and adjusted until it feels comfortable and then it is sent back to the dental technician together with the final impression and he fabricates the final denture.
Possible problems with dentures
induce increased saliva production during the first couple of weeks
gums can be sore at locations
adjustments are needed
difficulties keeping them in place if the fit is loose
they can affect how we taste food, because they cover the palate, you have to get used to eating, speaking with them
they are fragile, so if you drop them they will beak.
they have to be cleaned twice a day
they will never feel like own teeth
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